Freight Transport in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Cargo Transport in Europe - Essay Example In the advanced time when each field is molding itself, European cargo transports have needed to refresh as per globalization rehearses. Anyway the expectation of 2010 is there as indicated by which it is normal that EU would take genuine measures to a large portion of the street separation. As indicated by Pompeo and Sapountzis (2002) one of the significant reasons that could be include towards a consistent rate in cargo development is being arrogant in facing challenges. (Pompeo and Sapountzis, 2002) obviously, the hazard factor is there when ERTRAC is quick to accomplish the accompanying by 2010: During 1973 to 1976 and 1977 to 1981 the need of the EU was to abstain from harming approach sway; and in 1982 to 1986 and 1987 to 1992 the accentuation was on dangers and advantages of natural arrangements for the inside market of cargoes. Indeed, even the European Environmental Agency considered dependable the EU for the street static transportation framework and for the presentation to the contamination of water and air. Be that as it may, during 1992 to 1999 there was a more grounded highlight on 'paradigmatic change' to reflect worldwide ecological dangers, with proposed auxiliary change for open vehicle, vitality productivity and waste anticipation. (Carter and Turnock, 2002, p. 57) It began with the UK distribution, when in 1989 UK Transportation office concerning consistent development of streets offered some nostalgic comments. The comments were sufficiently enthusiastic to twitch the Government to contemplate the then transportation framework which comprised of a creating European market as far as coordinations and cargo. Subsequently a program started which required overwhelming interest in motorways and trunk streets. It was declared that UK Government has chosen to improve the streets. The program was fruitful to such an extent that it successfully multiplied the current venture designs and was viewed as a guarantee to the arrangement of framework 'fit to the single market and other serious difficulties of the 1990s and past'. It was additionally contended that the speculation was vital for industry and to improve the nation's financial geology, through expanding open doors for less preferred districts, helping urban recovery and helping increasingly pros perous territories to adapt to development. The program had come about because of a generous increment in street traffic (35 %) during the 1980s and the possibilities of a multiplying of street traffic from 1988 to 2025. Something must be done and the administration concluded that street building was the primary choice to be sought after. (Berechman and Banister, 2000, p. 3) The previous two decades in EU cargo The previous 50 years of European market has experienced huge high points and low points, where ups have been for the most part started by the development of organized commerce which change the European market. The free development and evacuation of transport boundaries give the EU the inspiration to make and lucky man their financial market. Anyway in the underlying 90s the development through street transport was at little as 3%. There were many vehicle issues, among which the most

Delusional Disorders Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capricious Disorders - Research Paper Example DD is otherwise called psychosis or neurotic issue and perseveres for in any event one month (Bustillo, 2008). DD might be identified with the patient’s life history or his encounters before and is found in senior individuals regularly who consolidate it with sound-related mental trips. In any case, DD patients don't show any strange or unusual conduct when they mingle. DD is of different sorts relying on the sort of hallucinations being experienced by the patient. As indicated by the Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (2010), these sorts incorporate Erotomanic (the patient has the daydream that somebody well known is enamored with him which may make the patient tail him); Grandiose (the patient feels that he has extraordinary capacities that improve him than others); Jealous (the patient believes that his accomplice is selling out him); Persecutory (where the individual imagines that he is being spied or harrassed); Somatic (the patiemt feels that he has some physical irregularity); and, Mixed (the patient may show various kinds of DD). Research has indicated that DD patients don't act unusual or strange when they are being social, and this is the thing that makes this issue not quite the same as other maniacal issue (Schultz and Videbeck, 2008, p. 174). Except if the patient himself examines the issue with the human services experts, it is extremely hard to tell whether an individual is experiencing DD or not. In any case, the patient is well-suited to settle on decisions and choices relying upon his hallucinations which he may not make in any case. For instance, in the event that he accepts that his life partner is deceiving him, he may pick not grow his family which is a decision he would not have made something else. Another motivation behind why DD are not clear is that a DD persistent at times holds so solid sentiment that he doesn't imagine that he isn't right in accepting what he believe is genuine regardless of how pained he feels about the circumstance (Sedler, 1995). Rather than identifying

SCIENCE ALERT smoking gun evidence for Alan Guths theory of inflation!

SCIENCE ALERT “smoking gun” evidence for Alan Guth’s theory of inflation! 14 billion years ago (ish), the universe Banged and rapidly expanded. What started as tiny quantum fluctuations also expanded, clumped, and became the structures that we see today. One such large-scale structure is the Virgo galaxy cluster, of which the Milky Way is a member. We, of course, live in the Milky Way, although its hopeless to try and see that dusty stripe of stars from Boston. Today, as you probably already know, theres Big Science News: were a huge leap closer to understanding exactly what happened in the first moments of the universe. And word on the street is that this could mean a Nobel Prize for MITs Prof. Alan Guth. My first interaction with Alan Guth was fraught with stress and in retrospect a bit impolite. It happened a little over three years ago, when I took my first final exam at MIT. He was proctoring a different exam (relativity) but I didnt know the difference, so when the TAs skipped over my section by accident I marched up to him and said Hello, my section did not receive any exam booklets. Prof. Guth smiled and asked whether I was in the right exam hall. Bristling at the suggestion that I could have wandered into the wrong exam hall,  I said Um, yes. 8.012 is DEFINITELY in this building, and we DEFINITELY do not have exams. He said oh, okay, and hurried off to find exam booklets for me. Twenty seconds later, I had a fangirl freakout  when gears in my brain clicked and I realized who Id been speaking to. A few months later, I declared a major in physics, and indicated on my advisor selection form that I was very interested in theoretical physics and cosmology (very cute, since in retrospect I realize that I had no idea what any of those words meant). Sometime over the summer, I received an e-mail saying that  Professor Alan Guth has agreed to serve as your advisor. Please use him as a resource for helping you make the most of your time at MIT, and for working towards completion of your Physics degree. Please do stop by and see your advisor on registration day. and I had my second Alan Guth-themed freakout: slammed my computer shut only to immediately re-open it to e-mail my mom, sprinted outside to tell everyone and nearly broke my face on the screen door, and wrote a blog post. Soon, we were e-mailing back and forth to schedule a class registration meeting (as my advisor, he helps me to come up with an appropriate schedule and signs off on my class registration forms). He signed his e-mails Alan, and I had a vigorous internal debate about whether that meant it was okay to start my e-mails with Dear Alan instead of Dear Professor Guth. Is it ever appropriate to address A Famous Person by first name?! I e-mailed him to ask. Yes, he wrote back, I am happy to have my students and advisees call me Alan. That semester, I took a class taught by Alan: 8.286, The Early Universe. It was a great privilege to learn about inflationary theory from the man who came up with it. Sometimes, one hears about Famous Professors who have zero interest in pedagogy, but Alan isnt like that at all. In office hours one day, he mentioned these crazy things called cosmic strings I was so fascinated that I asked him to tell us more about them, and he offered to hold an entire extra session for the class. So, one evening, a group of us sat in a tiny conference room while Alan Guth stood at the board and blew our minds. Fast forward to my junior fall. That was my roughest semester. I spent all my time on Junior Lab and learned that experimental work is My Thing, yet got my butt kicked by 8.05 (Quantum II) which sent me on a downward spiral of insecurity. I remember sitting in Alans office (surrounded by empty cans of Diet Cokethat guy has a Diet Coke problem) nearly in tears, mortified at the idea of having to discuss that academic disaster with the recent winner of a $3 million physics prize. The first thing he said was I know you can do better, and then we worked together to come up with a plan for how to move forward. He (along with Dumbledore) helped me put together my Quantum Rehab Program, which consisted of grading for Quantum I and writing lecture notes for Quantum II. On my way out the door, I congratulated him on his $3 million prize and asked if would have our advising meetings in fancy restaurants from now on he was amused. Anyway, Im now taking Quantum III, and feeling comfortable with that material. One of my proudest moments at MIT has been: sitting down in Alans office at the beginning of my senior spring semester, and telling him about my graduate school acceptances. He wrote me letters of recommendation for nearly all of my grad school and fellowship applications (which is a tale of adventure in itself: Alan is reliable and has always submitted my letters on time, but also reliably submits things JUST in time I have had some 11:59 PM freakouts. Oh well. Keeps things interesting, I guess?) and was really excited for me. After my 8.05 troubles, after wondering whether I was really cut out to be a scientist, having graduate schools confirm that they do in fact believe I ought to become a professional astronomer and being able to relay that to Alan meant a lot to me. Today, Alan became famous, again. As youre probably aware if you use the Internet, John Kovac and his team at Harvard just discovered smoking gun evidence for inflation: experimental support for the theory that Alan developed decades ago. Its a HUGE deal, albeit a little confusing. Youve heard of the Big Bang, yes? Inflation refers to the period immediately following that, in which (according to Alan) the universe expanded at a mind-boggling rate. If this theory is correct, then gravitational waves (ripples in spacetime) should have been emitted during that period. Scientists have not yet directly detected gravitational waves (thats what the LIGO project at MIT is all about) but so far indirect measurements have been consistent with gravitational wave theory. In the 1980s, for example, a Nobel Prize went to pulsar astronomers (WOOOOO! PULSARS!) for indirectly measuring gravitational wave emission. This time, Kovac co made another indirect measurement of gravitational waves, but this time gravitational waves from the primordial universe. Essentially, they found exactly what Alans theory predicted. MITs physics department has a very high density of Famous Physicists. Yet, I have found very consistently over the past three years that it also has a high density of physicists who are dedicated to undergraduate pedagogy. If I had gone to another school, I might have stuck with my original neuroscience interests and become a doctor here at MIT, though, this is the department in which I feel both highly intellectual stimulated and personally comfortable and supported. I really cannot say enough good things about my experiences in Course 8. So, today, MIT and the astronomy community are abuzz with excitement: Ive been getting e-mails from friends, had a few shrieking phone conversations, and there are a lot of universe expansion images on my Facebook newsfeed. Fingers crossed for that Nobel Prize. In any case, Im glad that Im such an indecisive student: I end up adding and dropping a couple of classes every semester, so I have accumulated many copies of Alan Guths signature.

Personal Narrative My Education Essay - 646 Words

Personal Narrative My Education Public school systems need to be more sensitive to their students. Parents play the major role in determining a child’s academic outcome, but the school system needs to notice children who don’t necessarily acknowledge their gift. These children need guidance -- I believe it is the schools’ responsibility to provide it to them. I have been through a situation that makes me feel strongly about the subject. My example is an indisputable case in point. Math is my forte. By the time I was six or seven, I fully comprehended the concept of variables and algebraic expressions. Its fascinating to me that when I pick up a math text book, as long as I can pick up on a concept that I have already seen, I can†¦show more content†¦I was considered a middle-average student. I only averaged a low C in grade school and middle school math. Why? I was bored with it. Doing long division in your head is stupid. So freshman algebra rolled around and I loved it. After two weeks in the class I was three and one half chapters ahead of the teacher. He would only assign the odd problems for homework, but I’d do them all. Geometry was even cooler. But thinking back, not one of the teachers even commended me for doing so well. My father noticed I was good at it, but I thought he had to tell me I was good; he was my father. The next year, my junior year, I started to become a more social person. Not having the proper guidance to balance my education and social life, I started slacking. I pretty much gave up on school, moved out of my parents’ house at 17, and thought I had the world figured out. Somehow I still managed to graduate with a 3.2, but I never gave college a half a thought. I was busy being an idiot. My father always encouraged me to do well in school, and he was very proud of me. He always told me the importance of math and how being good at it would offer me a good career, but I was a teenager. To me, him telling me to do my math so I can get a good job ranked right next to him telling me to take out the trash. I needed more encouragement. I needed proof that math was actually used for something. Not one teacher ever pulled me aside and said, Hey you’re good at this. ThisShow MoreRelatedMy Family And Education Is Important For Your Future1221 Words   |  5 Pagesthemes in my family’s narrative. The first theme in society that contradicts the values of my family is homosexuality. As mentioned above, religion is a large part of my family, therefore, homosexuality is not part of the catholic religion. With that being said my family has a strong opinion and belief about same sex relationships. The second theme compliments my family’s values and that is gettin g and education. In broader culture getting and education is important for your future and in my familyRead MoreNarrative Is The Root Of Some Fields1510 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative is the root of some fields which includes education, rhetoric, literature, religion, law, history: culture (Wilson, 1989). It can be seen as a tool to create traditions and symbols as means of communication and it is a source to understand and strengthen the identity of the organisation (Kroeze and Keulen, 2013). As a conceptual theme, narrative becomes a self-conscious system and a reflexive field. In other words, the role of narrative in personal lives is to show how it can be utilizedRead MoreEssay988 Words   |  4 Pagesperfection. Each person’s narrative comes together—by the page, sentence, word, and punctuation. Our individual and collective experiences are all a part of the reality we ascribe to ourselves and the world, and like with any draft, parts of it may be scrapped for s omething new. With my career, I plan to answer two questions: 1) How can people learn more about their personal world and other people in a creative, engaging way? 2) How can one utilize and alter the multifaceted narratives that make up theirRead MoreAnalysis Of I Just Wanna Be Average1039 Words   |  5 Pagespeople just try to get by and go through the motions, often not getting the education they they are rightfully entitled to. This is the type of mentality that Mike Rose discusses in his narrative â€Å"I Just Wanna Be Average.† Throughout the narrative, Rose shares personal experiences of mistakenly being set on the wrong track of his educational career due to a mix up with test results. Rose gets placed into the vocational education track, which is where the person he was mixed up with, with the exact sameRead MorePersonal Statement : My Personal Philosophy Of Education1193 Words   |  5 PagesMy philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is complex as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachers looked at me in a pity way. They alwaysRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1056 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Engagement My philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is transactional as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachers looked atRead MoreProfessional Development Plan1601 Words   |  7 Pagesworth (McKellar, 1996). This paper outlines my top three professional goals, resources required for achieving these goals, and a resource constrained schedule. The strategic formulation of my goals, required resources and schedule coalesce to form my Professional Development Plan (PDP). The first goal is a short term goal required for financing the second goal which is my medium term goal. The final goal is a long term goal that is loosely coupled with my second goal. Goal 1: Develop and LaunchRead MoreMy Personal History Narrative From The Beginning Of The Semester1183 Words   |  5 Pages After reviewing my personal history narrative from the beginning of the semester, I now see that there are some of my perspectives have been altered. For anyone, it is very easy to stay in their â€Å"bubble† (their safe zone or routine) and only focus on what matters to them without taking into account outside perspectives. People do this, myself included, because it is easy to ignore the realities of others around you and only focus on yourself. Everything from race to religion is very salientRead MoreAnalysis of Hunger of Memory and Self Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesMemory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez, there were tons of ideas that struck me. It was very interesting because so many of the different parts could relate to my life. Also, given his story, its so interesting to me that he is against bilingual education, having benefited from it in his own life. To me, it places the book in a different light as I read it. This book is a narrative and it is telling in how his opinions were formed because the experiences that he had. In the narrative, the themesRead More Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tone established in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is unusual in that from the beginning to the end the focus has been shifted. In the beginning of the narrative Douglass seems to fulfill every stereotypical slavery theme. He is a young black slave who at first cannot read and is very naà ¯ve in understanding his situation. As a child put into slavery Douglass does not have the knowledge to know about his surroundings and the

English as a Medium of Instruction - 3396 Words

http://www.fnf.org.ph/talakayan/liberal_topic.php?id=240 Filipino vs. English as the medium of instruction The English vs. Filipino debate is once again a hot topic. A petition has been filed in the Supreme Court challenging the government?s policy of using English as the medium of instruction in our schools. According to those who filed the petition, the push for the use of English in our classrooms will only lead to further deterioration of what?s already been described as a rather inferior quality of education. Those who support the 2003 Executive Order filed by President Arroyo on the other hand argue that doing away with English as the medium of instruction will inevitably hurt the country and our people more because they†¦show more content†¦Right from the start, when Spain claimed the Philippines as its colony in 1521, it was clear how the Spaniards thought of their mission. They called the natives indios or Indians, and set out to redeem their savage and ignorant souls with religion - Roman Catholicism. More than three centuries and a bloody revolution later, the indios had wholeheartedly embraced Catholicism, but just as wholeheartedly rejected Spanish rule. By this time, only the Filipino rich and educated elite were literate in Spanish. Ironically, from this same exclusive set came the founders of a secret society that pushed for reform and independence. In 1898, after a mock battle at Manila Bay, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. Although there was also a b loody but short-lived Philippine-American Revolution, it took a shorter time for the Americans to pacify and befriend the Filipinos. Unlike Spains strategy, Americas means of attack and assimilation was not religion. It was mass education. Thus, less than half a century later, the Filipinos hadShow MoreRelatedEnglish As A Medium Instruction Essay6511 Words   |  27 PagesEnglish as a Medium Instruction (EMI) English as a medium of instruction has developed as a global trend for a range of reasons. Nowadays EMI is truly a global phenomenon. In this literature review, I look at the historical backgrounds of EMI in three periods prior to a global phenomenon. What is more, I reflect upon the current developments of EMI at tertiary education focusing on the spread of EMI into the global universities, EMI in European universities, EMI in Asian universities and EMI inRead MoreEnglish As A Medium Of Instruction Worldwide1836 Words   |  8 Pagesregions. This has had a significant impact on the use of English as a medium of instruction worldwide. The following essay presents an overview of how English is used in higher education institutions in both Malaysia and China. It aims to assess why English holds such importance within their education systems which this will be done through the studying of implemented government policies and student/academic staff experiences. ‘English has unquestionably become a global phenomenon’ (Selvi, 2013)Read MoreEnglish Should Be Made as the Medium of Instruction of Scool in Mlaysia935 Words   |  4 PagesTan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin decided to make Bahasa Melayu as the medium of instruction in science and mathematic in secondary school before, a heated debate in the newspapers with regard to this apparent turn around in the policy had immediately sparked off. Thus, I would like to support the side where English should be made as the medium of instruction in school. There are some reasons to support my view. First of all, mastering English help us to face the problem of globalization. Nowadays, we needRead MoreThe College Of New Jersey1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe College of New Jersey English Language Instruction: The Nepali Educational System Kelsey Wolff Linguistics 371: World Englishes Felicia Jean Steele March 23, 2015 The necessity for a global language has always existed to break down the barriers between nations and for communication to create a sense of a global community. English is quickly filling that niche, and instruction in English as a second language is expanding worldwide to places such as Nepal. Nepal is a landRead MoreLanguage Learning Practices During Post Colonial Countries Are Fraught With Tensions And Contestations802 Words   |  4 PagesThese tensions are often a result of divergent discourses around decolonization, globalization, and the status of the colonizer’s language in the work of post-colonial nation building and national identity (Canagarajah, 2005). The complexities around English language learning is situated in contexts, where historical trajectories have discriminated against some groups. Within countries like Sri Lanka, debates prevail with regards to national and official languages, minority language rights, and particularlyRead MoreThe Historical Backgro unds Of Emi Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesThis section outlines the historical backgrounds of EMI in terms of a paradigm shift in teaching content subjects through English language. This section provides information under three EMI periods, namely before, during and after transitional EMI periods. Before an EMI period, Content-based Instruction (CBI) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) were the well-known approaches to teach subject contents through a second or foreign language (L2) in western countries. CBI is an approachRead MoreThe Language Of The English Language Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe English language has been the language that most people use in conversations and in everyday life. According to Carmen Santillana (2013), English is the most used language in the world, and there are one out of five people that can speak or understand the English language. There are 53 countries whose main language is English. According to a research in the US, it takes 4-7 years or even 10 years for a student in the US to develop their academic language proficiency (p. 85). Every country hasRead MoreEnglish in India739 Words   |  3 PagesENGLISH IN INDIA In our country English is important for a number of reasons. India is a land of diversity. Different people speak different languages. A person of Tamil Nadu does not speak Hindi. So he cant understand Hindi of a person from North India. However he can understand in English. So English is a link language. Different people can communicate with one another with the help of English. Secondly, all advanced knowledge in science, technology and medicine is available in English.Read MoreDiglossia1349 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was growing up in India, I spoke Sindhi (my mother tongue) at home and Hindi with friends but it was mandatory to speak in English at school. It is very common for people in India and many other countries to speak more than one language. Such a multi lingual situation where two languages or language varieties coexist in a society and each has a clear range of functions is known as diglossia. The pioneering scholar of diglossia, Charles A. Ferguson, summarised diglossia as: a relatively stableRead MoreThe Effect Of Integrating The Social Network Site Facebook And Peer Reviews From Class Instruction On English Writing1023 Words   |  5 Pages(a) Problem Statement: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of integ rating the social network site Facebook and peer reviews with in-class instruction on English writing. (b) Introduction: In recent years, the global social networking site Facebook is being used by millions around the world to connect, share, communicate, and socialize with each other in a virtual environment. Researchers speculate that students can utilize Facebook to enhance their learning through online

Masters program application essay Free Essays

My first foray into the cutthroat world of office work was at the office of Verizon Wireless. Here I served as an account manager and was assigned various tasks relating to accounts management. The work involved required me to seek out and win over new clients for the business as well as maintaining the company relationship with the already existing client base. We will write a custom essay sample on Masters program application essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was at Verizon Wireless where I learned the various ways of dealing with clients. I learned how to satisfy the clients needs even if it seemed to be an almost impossible task. The experience I gained at Verizon Wireless can be considered to be highly valuable people skills that led me to believe that it would be possible for me to venture out on my own. The work path I was traversing at the time led me to take a chance on starting up a company based on sole proprietorship. Out of the many business ideas I had in mind, I settled on starting a small business that I could hopefully develop into a moneymaking machine. Thus, Setra Logistics was born. At Setra, I became involved in developing a management company that centered within the importation, exportation, and transportation business. The company’s first business venture was doing local transport for auto auctions as well as shipping small cargo overseas. I ended up taking a loss at that time but I was not bothered because I felt that I was growing as a person and enhancing my management skills. Over time, I began employing more people and I learned to manage their individual work ethics and beliefs in life in order to bring out their full potential for the benefit of the company.   Through sheer hard work, patience, and perseverance, I managed to guide the company into a time of growth and at present the company is now a full fledged transport company boasting of an international clientele based throughout Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. All these companies use our services for importing goods from the USA. Within the USA, we also have our own transport fleet that deals in transporting goods within the US. My biggest accomplishment to date though is that I managed to find partner companies overseas who can help hasten our logistics process in the aforementioned regions. At Setra Logistics, I manage a group of 7 employees of various genders, race, and nationality. It is because of the confidence I developed over the years here that I found the inner strength to try and establish another business venture. It is true that running a business alone is time consuming and 100% stressful but I have found that in the particular line of business Setra is in, it is best managed alone. Later one, I realized that I was starting to outgrow Setra Logistics and needed something new to tweak my interest. After a get together with some other business minded people, we agreed to pool our resources together and established ACS ATm, Incorporated.   Along with my partner, I am now heavily involved in the ATM machine and ISO clearinghouse business. ACS ATm is a company that specializes in ATM machine installation as well as credit card services. My company is quite active in the New York Metro area. My partners and I share the same vision of the future for ACS. We all look forward to managing the business so well, that, in the near future, it will become a leading processor for automated Teller machine software and hardware worldwide. Along with 3 other managers, our goal is to learn the ins and outs of the ATM transaction processing business and then, develop out own innovative ideas and products that will change the ATM transaction processing procedures worldwide. Our plans for the future are not limited to simply operating ATM machines and merchant services. Eventually, my managerial partners and I would like to become the brains behind tapping the remaining 70% of untapped electronic cash markets using cutting-edge and highly innovative ideas and products worthy of being tagged as 21st century banking and e-commerce trendsetters In the retrospect, I have to say that I am well versed in the languages of team and individual management. I am a skilled manager who can either run my own company, or develop a totally new company along with others who share my business visions. At Setra, I run a well oiled machine all by myself while at ACS, I learn to meet other managers halfway in order to achieve a greater success in the business venture.       How to cite Masters program application essay, Essay examples

To what extent is policy

Introduction Europeanisation may be understood as the development and intensive growth of identity that is specific to the European continent and/or its countries well above other countries and identities within Europe (Bailer et al., 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is policy-making being Europeanised in member states of the European Union specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, with regards to Schneider and Hage (2007 p.312), â€Å"Europeanisation may also refer to the process through which European union political and economic dynamics become part of the organisational logic of national politics and policy making†. Policies such as the agricultural guiding principles seek to boost the production of agricultural products, for instance, milk in all European nations may be considered as good examples of Europeanisation (Riedl 2008). Embracement of the policies means that all nati ons in Europe are committed to work under regionally integrated policy frameworks. The main purpose of this essay is to provide a critical and informed understanding of the concepts and processes that are associated between globalisation and Europeanisation. The paper also aims at to evaluate the impact of globalisation and Europeanisation on governments and public policy. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the globalisation and Europeanisation theoretical paradigms on governance, as well as and the development and implementation of public policies, especially in Britain. It is envisioned that, through such analysis and discussion, the extent at which policymaking is being Europeanised within member states of European nations may be determined This essay is organised into two main sections. In the first section, a discussion pertaining to how practices of globalisation interact with governance and public policy will be addressed. This will be followed by a critical analy sis of how practices of Europeanisation are related to governance and public policy. In the second section, the paper investigates the causes and impacts of Europeanisation and globalisation, in an attempt to demonstrate how they reflect on public policy and governance.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Extents to which Policymaking is being Europeanised in Member States of the European Nations Over several decades, the European Union has operated as a single trade block. Such operations were facilitated through the deployment of common trade and economic development policies and governance systems (Borzel, 2002; Boerzel, 1999). An example of this is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which is regarded as the first (and for many years, the only) redistributive policy of the European Community (EC) (Bache, George and Bulmer, 2008, p.371). One of the key goals of globalisation is to spread the best benchmarks of handling problems across the world. In contrast, the concept of Europeanisation as it applied to the enactment of the CAP, was to integrate policies to ensure that all nations in the European nations become self-sufficient for their food supplies. Thus, among the founding years of the Europeanisation theoretical paradigms for gaining food dependency, agricultural policies yielded success in 1960s. Bache, George, and Bulmer (2008, p.372) support this assertion by further retaliating, â€Å"the success of agriculture sustained the hopes of the advocates of integration during 1960s when it was seen as the start of a process that would lead to other common policies†. Unfortunately, as time progressed, other common policies hardly appeared. The attempts to Europeanise public policies have had severe implications to the economies of some nations in the European Union. For example, the attempts to deploy common EU policies such as environmental p rotection and conservation policies impair the productivity of the nations, which do not have the capacity to treat their industrial effluents in a cost effective way compared to organisations operating in the EU. For a nation, especially in the developing world, to achieve the capacity to respond to the environmental conservations and protection concerns in the degree of the EU, much government expenditure is vital. Similar challenges are also experienced by the EU member states (Borzel 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is policy-making being Europeanised in member states of the European Union specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The question that emerges is how the perspectives of Europeanisation influence the direction taken by respective nations that form the European Union, in terms of public policies and governance approaches. Globalisation, Public Policy, and Governance Government actions are executed in a manner that is consistent with the law. This assertion underlines the significance of public policies within governance, which are important to define. With regards to public policies, Plumper and Schneider (2009, p.67) classify them as â€Å"a principled guide to action, taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues in a manner that is consistent with law and institutional custom†. Thus, the concept of Europeanisation is an endeavour to instil a custom that binds all EU nations in the approaches of design and implementation of public policies. At an organisational level, governance refers to â€Å"the set of policies, roles, responsibilities, and processes established in an enterprise to guide, direct, and control how the organisation uses technologies to accomplish business goals† (Finkelstein 1995, p.368). However, in the development of public policies, this term is used to refer to particular actions, such as making decisions, which provide the definition of expectations, mechanisms of according power and even ways of verifying performances (Kooiman Jentoft 2009; Sorensen 2006). The effort by the EU in creating integrated policies within various sectors of economies, which are applicable to all the nations that form the EU, is a remarkable measure in ensuring the EU develops collectively through the adoption of effective governance practices. Development of policies that favour the expansion of local markets to promote free flow of agricultural products exclusively within Europe, has not only developed the EU economy over a number of years, but has also facilitated in shaping the EU to become a large marketing entity with a global feel (Dyson 1999: Howell 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In reality, through globalisation, which is safeguarded by strategies to ensure the EU dominates in the trade at global fronts. The shares of global exports rose by 1.2% in 2006 i.e. 40.8% to 42% (Howell, 2009, p.81). This increase was realised amid hefty concerns over continual growth of China and India’s exportation abilities. The net impact of governance and policies that foster enhancement of globalisation and Europeanisation amongst EU member states is boosting the economic growth of the EU. The replica for this outcome is the increased earning for European-based companies. The strategy has truncated into increasing employment rates coupled with incomes among workers in the EU (Bà ¶rzel Risse, 2003; Radaelli, 2008). Most significantly, the EU is an enormous advocate for globalisation. It has worked considerably in establishing policies in its favour. Through the enactment of foreign trade policies, in an effort to make all markets across the globe integrated, the EU ha s managed to establish various relationships with different nations, including those in the developed and the developing world. Having trade linkage with developing nations has resulted in EU consumers benefiting from lower cost imports, which in turn has aided in reducing inflation and increasing net income (Cowles, Caporaso Risse 2001, p.23). Nevertheless, it is important to note that the advantages associated with globalisation are a cause for workers in certain industries to suffer immensely. With Europe at the heart of globalisation, European nations have benefited greatly from the realisation of the merits associated with it Grazino and Vink (2008, p.56) outline that this gain ranges from lower trade barriers, greater opportunities for trade, rapid diffusion of technology to investment. Arguably, policy reforms that encourage the spirit of globalisation have fostered immense flow of services and goods, people, capital, and even technical know-how between Europe and the rest o f the world. With Europe having been well established industrially, this flow has augmented progress and development at an astounding rate, by virtue of the fact that it is able to take advantage of the economies of scale (the advantages that organisations in a nation gain by being large or by having the capacity to produce many products and service). Consequently, prior to the previous decade, when in China and other technologically developing nations posed a threat in terms of global distribution of low-cost manufactured products; the EU has been gaining a great deal from its trade global policies. Such gains include the robust growth of imports, coupled with exports and large investment inflows and outflows (Exadaktylos Radaelli, 2009). Overall, net inflows in labour have generated modest earnings and income amongst European nationals. Europeanisation, Public Policy, and Governance The approach deployed by the EU to realise economic development through engagements and integratio n of trade with other nations, constitutes an important benchmark that is imitated by many other nations. For instance, China understands that, although it has well-established links with other developing nations, in terms of supply of manufactured products, it cannot survive without having a strong market presence in the EU and the US because they form a large market that is dominated by middle class people (Kooiman Jentoft 2009). Middle class people are the highest consumers of industrially mass manufactured products. Throughout the history of the EU, upon adoption of common range of economic policies favouring industrialisation, the EU considers manufacturing as a major way of raising the GDP of all member states. As evidenced by the rapid growth of the industrial capacity of China over the last two decades, China also considers manufacturing a noble mechanism of raising its GDP. Consequently, public policies and governance approaches deployed by China are influenced by the EUâ €™s experience with globalisation as a mechanism of raising GDP. Evidently, this case is an example of theoretical applicability of the concept of Europeanisation. However, the central point of this argument is that some nations make policies, especially those committed to trade growth and development, based on the EU’s ideologies and experiences (Graziano Vink 2008). The concept of Europeanisation is not only applicable to incidences where nations consider the experience of the EU (with integrated public policies) to have yielded success. Failures of some policies also form important benchmarks for avoiding the making of policies that would reflect on challenges that have been experienced in the EU. For instance, the EU embarked on policies that sought to promote milk production by offering subsidies to farmers. This policy was incredibly Europeanised to the extent that all European member states implemented it. While this was a vital strategy in boosting the production of milk products, and hence increasing the level of income to farmers, policies advocating these steps were misplaced (LaBorde 2013). Based on the implication of the policy, Europeanisation of public policy would ensure that nations in their quest of boosting their agricultural output capacities do not repeat such mistakes. From the EU perspective, subsidies on agricultural products, especially by major global giant producers such as the EU and the US, are not received in good faith within the international arena. In this context, LaBorde (2013, Para. 5) believes that the reasons behind high global food prices in 2012 (which has been the case for the five years before this), was caused by a succession of weather-related catastrophes, such as severe drought in the US, Europe and Central Asia. Although the EU and the US are well acquitted with this implication, they have refused to heed to these calls. Rather, they have opted to increase domestic subsidies on agricultural sectors. Su ch strategies have long-term implications on the worldwide food systems, coupled with impairing food securities in the developing nations (Babcock, 2007; Alston, 2008). This move is not a welcomed experience; hence, Europeanisation remains important for nations that do not want to take risks, and are not calculated in the development of production policies. Based on the EU experience, researchers explain that offering subsidies in the agricultural sector results in lowering the costs of production (Westcott Young 2004: Chapman et al. 2006). In the European Union, in the year 2005, dairy products dealers got a financial assistance amounting to $47 billion. This amount ($2.20) was actually more than the wages earned on average by each person in the developing nations. This finding means that EU farmers were able to produce their products relatively cheaper to those outside the EU because of government subsidies. Based on Drabenstott’s (2008) arguments, foreign traders found it difficult to introduce their products into the EU markets because prices of the subsidised products, produced in the EU, were lower than selling price, even for them to break-even. Such subsidies resulted in stimulation and subsequently an over-production of subsidised agricultural sector products within the EU. However, farmers benefited as they were able to place their surplus products in the market in higher quantities. This means that the consumption of the products also increased. The disadvantage of such a policy is realised through curtailing the efforts of farmers operating elsewhere outside the EU. It further highlights a need to engage equally in the global trade for milk products, since non-EU farmers’ products were priced higher relative to those produced in the EU countries. Any nation objecting to such an approach of boosting local production would be borrowing from the EU experience to frame its policies. Put differently, such a nation would be Europeanising i ts public policies and governance principles. Causes and Impacts of Globalisation and Europeanisation on Public Policy and Governance Globalisation is caused by a myriad of factors. Ease of labour mobility is one of such significant cause. The EU nations handle two forms of enhancing labour mobility, which Ahrens et al. (2005, p.220) explain the first one to emanate from the free flow of labour within the borders of countries in the EU. The EU nations also benefit immensely from the low and high skilled labour that flows into it, particularly those that originate from external borders. One of the central visions of globalisation is to foster interaction of different skill levels for individuals from different nations across the globe. With this ease of labour mobility across the EU borders, both internally and externally, it implies that the EU establishes this vision and forms a meeting point for all individuals worldwide. However, while permitting this free flow of labour, policie s relating to immigrations are a necessity and worth enacting. Ratifying such policies does not mean that the EU would obtain the very best on offer within the global workforce. A means for sieving the labour flowing into the EU and out of it is critical. It is in this extent that governance becomes important as a facilitating element for globalisation concerning labour mobility. Aside from labour mobility, other causes of globalisation include the need for organisation information and knowledge sharing, technological transfer and global trade, and other forms of organisational interactions and integrations. For instance, global organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and World Trade Organisation (WTO) act as incredible causes of globalisation. In the operations of such organisations, different stakeholders are integrated often, thus fostering multicultural interactions of individuals from across the world (Bailer et al., 2008). The single most cause of Europeanisa tion is the need to incorporate European ideologies of economic success into economic policies of nations using the EU as their benchmark (Parsons, 2002). Among the countries that members of the EU, Europeanisation is caused by the need to develop integrated regional policies that would see the EU develop as a single block. In the previous section, it was argued that governance approaches and policies encouraging globalisation and Europeanisation have made nations that adopt the EU experiences and ideologies realise incredible developments. However, the benefits of Europeanisation of public policies, especially on matters involving trade integrations, are shared unevenly. Featherstone and Radaelli (2003, p.59) support this argument by further stating globalisation is regarded as uncertainty and disruption for many Europeans. This argument implies that, while some individuals and organisations profit from globalisation, others have been operating on the losing end. Directly congruent with the above argument, it is imperative to regard the benefits accrued from Europeanisation and globalisation, framing policy developments based on this ideology, gives rise to benefits that are widespread but also diffuse in various ways. Indeed, globalisation can have an immense impact on certain communities and organisations, which can be tangible and quite traumatic (Featherstone Radaelli 2003, p.59).Therefore, globalisation and Europeanisation of some policies would truncate into inflicting and driving economic changes. In addition, coupled with disruptions on Europe and nations adopting similar ideologies in the development of their polices, it can also have implications on causing real and practical costs to certain members of the society. Such costs and changes have given rise to immense ambivalence in Europe, which is characterised by trade of goods and services, as well as people, technology and capital, (Boerzel 1999, p.574). Any nation attempting to Europeanise its p olicies must therefore take into consideration the effects of devising policies that take after the European policies with regards to global integration of nations. From the perspective of investments, Europeanisation has the implication of expanding global investment flow and ties. This impact is made even clearer by considering Howell’s(2009, p.79) argument, who states that Europe has been the primary supplier and recipient of foreign direct investment since 1990. Such an immense economic achievement cannot be realised without proper governance through enactment of various policies that enhance the process of economic integrations and interaction between EU and other nations. In fact, this has enabled the EU to build an intensive linkage networks with nations across the globe. Howell (2009, p.81) argues that between 2000 and 2006, Europe accounted for approximately 64%of global FDI outflows and roughly 50% of global FDI inflows. Consequently, outward FDI stocks possessed by the EU act directly as key boosters of competitive advantage that is gained by organisations in the EU member states through increased profitability. Since Europeanisation entails spreading and adopting EU ideologies as pertaining to design and implementation of governance principles and specific policies for success, it is arguable that Europeanisation has the impact of making nations globally adopt practices that would yield similar economic merits. Conclusion Policies developed by a nation, especially economic policies, are not exempt from the influence of Europeanisation and globalisation. From this theoretical paradigm, this essay argued that policies adopted by various nations, including developing nations, are influenced by the European ideologies and theoretical approaches in design and implementation of public policies. The essay also held that the principles of globalisation embraced by the EU, which have truncated into the immense success of the EU in terms of growth of GDP, also influence policymaking processes of the EU member states coupled with other nations that are not part of the EU. 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